phosphoric acid in water; toluene T=110°C; 4 h;

1: 96 percent / H2 / Pd/C / ethyl acetate / 2550.2 Torr / Ambient temperature 2: 80 percent / tetrahydrofuran / Ambient temperature 3: conc. HCl / 6 h / Heating View Scheme

Montmorillonite K 10; water; lithium perchlorate in nitromethane 48 h; Ambient temperature; Yield givenYields of byproduct given. Title compound not separated from byproducts;

1.1: lithium powder; 4,4'-di-tert-butylbiphenyl / tetrahydrofuran / 1.5 h / 0 °C 1.2: 62 percent / tetrahydrofuran / 0.25 h / -78 °C 2.1: 95 percent / phosphoric acid / toluene; H2O / 4 h / 110 °C View Scheme