1.1: 96 percent / PhLi / tetrahydrofuran; cyclohexane; diethyl ether / 1 h / 20 °C 2.1: tetrahydrofuran / 24 h / 20 °C 3.1: H2O2; NaOH / tetrahydrofuran 4.1: 100 percent / imidazole / dimethylformamide / 20 °C 5.1: (R)-2-(o-fluorobenzyloxy)-2'-methoxy-1,1'-binaphthyl*SnCl4 / toluene / 72 h / -78 °C 5.2: ClSiEt3; imidazole / dimethylformamide / 5 h / 20 °C 5.3: TFA*SnCl4 / various solvent(s); toluene / 24 h / -78 °C View Scheme

ozone

1.1: n-butyllithium / tetrahydrofuran; hexane / 1 h / -78 °C / Inert atmosphere 1.2: 2 h / -78 °C / Inert atmosphere 2.1: pyridinium p-toluenesulfonate / dichloromethane / 2 h / 0 °C / Inert atmosphere 3.1: Pd(1,2-bis(diphenylphosphino)ethane)Cl2; lithium triethylborohydride / tetrahydrofuran; 1,4-dioxane / 10 h / 20 - 70 °C / Inert atmosphere View Scheme

manganese; water; 4-chloro-2,6-dimethylpyridine hydrochloride in tetrahydrofuran T=20°C; chemoselective reaction;

1: diethyl ether 2: p-toluenesulfonic acid / tetrahydrofuran; toluene / 0.01 h / 90 °C 3: H2 / Pd/C / ethyl acetate View Scheme

oxalyl dichloride; dimethyl sulfoxide in dichloromethane T=-63°C; 0.5 h;

hydrogenchloride; aluminum isopropoxide in n-heptane; cyclohexane; water; acetone

dimethyl sulfoxide; triethylamine in dichloromethane

potassium dichromate; sulfuric acid in benzene

potassium hydroxide; 2-Nitropropane in isopropyl alcohol