1: 92 percent / p-TsOH / methanol / 1.5 h / Heating 2: 97 percent / imidazole; DMAP / CH2Cl2 / 3 h / 20 °C View Scheme

1: 95 percent / dimethylsulfoxide / 15 h / 80 °C 2: 86 percent / NaOH, 3N HCl / ethanol / 19 h / Heating 3: PCl5 / CH2Cl2 / 2 h / 25 °C 4: 44 percent / AlCl3 / 1,2-dichloro-ethane / 72 h / 20 °C 5: 79 percent / NaOH / methanol / 2 h / Ambient temperature 6: H2, 70percent HClO4 / 5percent Pd-C / 24 h / Ambient temperature 7: NaOH / methanol / 24 h / 5 °C 8: O2 / salcomine / dimethylformamide / Ambient temperature; reaction time, additive View Scheme

toluene-4-sulfonic acid in methanol 1.5 h; Heating;

1: 95 percent / dimethylsulfoxide / 15 h / 80 °C 2: 86 percent / NaOH, 3N HCl / ethanol / 19 h / Heating 3: PCl5 / CH2Cl2 / 2 h / 25 °C 4: 44 percent / AlCl3 / 1,2-dichloro-ethane / 72 h / 20 °C 5: 79 percent / NaOH / methanol / 2 h / Ambient temperature View Scheme

methanol; potassium hydroxide

lithium carbonate; lithium bromide in N,N-dimethyl-formamide T=120°C; 6 h;

Zn(ClO4)2 T=20°C; 0.333333 h;

bromine; mercury(II) oxide in tetrachloromethane 5 h; Heating;

1: 93 percent / pyridine / 24 h / 20 °C 2: 78 percent / Br2; HgO / CCl4 / 4 h / Irradiation View Scheme

acetic anhydride; acetic acid T=125 - 140°C;