tetrakis(triphenylphosphine) palladium(0); potassium carbonate in ethanol; water 48 h; Reflux;

palladium diacetate; tris-(o-tolyl)phosphine in toluene T=20°C; 5 h; Inert atmosphere;

1.1: n-butyllithium / tetrahydrofuran; toluene; hexane / -60 - 20 °C 1.2: aqueous KHF2 / toluene; tetrahydrofuran; hexane 2.1: 64 percent / PdCl2(dppf)*CH2Cl2; Et3N / ethanol / 18 h / Heating View Scheme

bis(η3-allyl-μ-chloropalladium(II)); N,N,N′,N′-tetra(diphenylphosphinomethyl)-1,2-ethylenediamine; potassium carbonate in N,N-dimethyl acetamide; butan-1-ol T=110°C; Suzuki Coupling; 20 h; Inert atmosphere;

1,10-phenanthroline; palladium diacetate; caesium carbonate T=140°C; 48 h; Sealed tube;