1: With caesium carbonate; tetrakis(triphenylphosphine) palladium(0) in ethanol; toluene T=85°C; 3 h; 2: With hydrogenchloride; water pH=4; Product distribution / selectivity;

hydrogenchloride; copper dichloride; sodium nitrite in acetone

potassium hydroxide in ethanol 0.5 h; Reflux;

thionyl chloride in benzene Reflux;