1: 77 percent / N,N-dimethyl-acetamide / 4 h / Heating 2: 71 percent / 90 percent formic acid / Raney nickel alloy / 2 h / Heating 3: 66 percent / pyridine, piperidine / 1.) 100 deg C, 2 h, 2.) 155 deg C, 1 h View Scheme

1: 91 percent / Br2 / acetic acid / 0.25 h / Ambient temperature 2: 1.) 12 N HCl, NaNO2, 2.) 50 percent H3PO2 / 1.) water, 5 deg C, 2.) water, 0 deg C, 3 h 3: 77 percent / N,N-dimethyl-acetamide / 4 h / Heating 4: 71 percent / 90 percent formic acid / Raney nickel alloy / 2 h / Heating 5: 66 percent / pyridine, piperidine / 1.) 100 deg C, 2 h, 2.) 155 deg C, 1 h View Scheme

1: 1.) 12 N HCl, NaNO2, 2.) 50 percent H3PO2 / 1.) water, 5 deg C, 2.) water, 0 deg C, 3 h 2: 77 percent / N,N-dimethyl-acetamide / 4 h / Heating 3: 71 percent / 90 percent formic acid / Raney nickel alloy / 2 h / Heating 4: 66 percent / pyridine, piperidine / 1.) 100 deg C, 2 h, 2.) 155 deg C, 1 h View Scheme

piperidine; pyridine 1.) 100 deg C, 2 h, 2.) 155 deg C, 1 h;

pyridine; malonic acid

pyridine; malonic acid

1: 71 percent / 90 percent formic acid / Raney nickel alloy / 2 h / Heating 2: 66 percent / pyridine, piperidine / 1.) 100 deg C, 2 h, 2.) 155 deg C, 1 h View Scheme

ammonium hydroxide; Petroselinum crispum phenylalanine ammonialyase (1U) T=37°C; Addition; pH=10; 24 h;

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