1.1: sulfuric acid / 24 h / |Reflux; |Solvolysis 2.1: sodium nitrite; hydrogenchloride / water / -5 °C 2.2: 13 h / -5 °C / |Reflux 3.1: potassium acetate; (1,1'-bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene)palladium(II) dichloride / N,N-dimethyl-formamide / 2 h / 80 °C 4.1: (1,1'-bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene)palladium(II) dichloride; cesium fluoride / water / 80 °C 5.1: sodium hydroxide / water; tetrahydrofuran / 5 h / |Reflux View Scheme

1.1: sulfuric acid / 24 h / |Reflux; |Solvolysis 2.1: sodium nitrite; hydrogenchloride / water / -5 °C 2.2: 13 h / -5 °C / |Reflux 3.1: potassium acetate; (1,1'-bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene)palladium(II) dichloride / N,N-dimethyl-formamide / 2 h / 80 °C View Scheme

sodium hydroxide

acetic acid in N,N-dimethyl-formamide T=20°C; 4 h;

CuSO4‵5H2O in methanol T=20°C; 0.0833333 h;

1: cc. H2SO4 / Heating 2: 1.) Et3N; 2.) KOH / 1.) chloroform, 2 h View Scheme

acetic anhydride

1: 73 percent / glacial acetic acid / Ambient temperature 2: 75 percent / Ac2O, NaOAC / 2 h / 90 °C View Scheme

1: With hydrogenchloride; sodium nitrite 2: With potassium iodide in water Further stages.;