oxygen; 1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene; 1,3-bis(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)imidazolinium chloride in tetrahydrofuran T=50°C; P=760.051 Torr; 48 h;

carbon monoxide; tri-ruthenium(0)dodecacarbonyl T=200°C; P=14710.2 Torr; 24 h; other reaction conditions (temp., time, amount catalyst, gas, pressure), other aliphatic aldehydes; Product distribution;